What is mitochondrial DNA

Mitochondrial DNA is a circular DNA molecule that's found in the mitochondria. This DNA molecule codes for a part of proteins and RNA specific for the functioning of the mitochondria.

The advantage of using mitochondrial DNA to analyze the genetic diversity of our ancestors lies in the fact that mitochondria are only transmitted by the mother.

 

Mitochondrial DNA is outside the chromosomes of the cell, in the mitochondrion. The mtDNA is inherited from the mother. That is why all children of the same woman have the same mtDNA. Children of girls from this woman also will possess the same mtDNA, and so on. The mtDNA is passed on to children by the mother only. An analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) will let you know the history of your family maternal line.

Thyroiditis treatment

Type of pathology and treatment

Hormonal pathology:

Hyperthyroidism

The thyroid works overspeed (T3/T4 high and TSH low). This may be due to the presence of hyper-secreting nodules.

Treatment

Antithyroid
Radioiodine (mainly hyperfunctioning nodule)

Surgery is considered only in cases of recidivism or become pregnant.

Hypothyroidism

The thyroid is idling (low T3/T4 and increased TSH)

Treatment

Synthetic hormones

Morphological pathology:

Nodules

The nodules are very common: 50% of the population has a nodule of thyroid greater than 1 cm. However, there are several types of nodes according to their size, of their activity and their malignant or not.

Treatment

Surveillance or surgery in case of suspected cancer (nodule of more than 3-4 cm, too many nodules ...)

Goitre

Simple goiters are distinguished (often origin familial) and nodular goitre (with a significant number of nodules).

Treatment

Surveillance or surgery if the number of nodules is too large or the risk of cancer is high.

Thyroid Cancer

5% of thyroid tumors are cancers. Increasing, these cancers are touching three times more women (4000 to 6000 cases per year). Detected early, chances of healing are close to 100%.

Treatment

Surgery with total thyroidectomy (total removal of the gland) followed by: taking thyroxine (T4) to compensate for the absence of thyroid and use of iodine-131 for thyroid eliminate possible residues.

Hypothyroidism

 

The thyroid gland located in the neck, in front of the trachea, which is similar in form to Butterfly, it has a pinkish color. It consists of two lobes, measuring six centimeters high and six centimeters wide and whose weight does not exceed 30 grams. 

Symptoms of thyroid deficiency:

- Fatigue and a feeling of apathy.

- Mental blankness.

- Do not bear the cold.

- Feeling depressed or idle emotions.

- Constipation.

- Muscle pain.

- Skin dryness or desquamation or swell.

- Tingling in the fingers or toes.

- Lack of carrying  sports effort.

- Pain in the joints.

- Hoarseness.

- Irregular menstrual cycle.

- Significantly overweight despite poor appetite.

- Hair dryness and brittleness.

- Weak pulse with swelling in the neck.

Causes that may lead to failure in the secretion of thyroid:

- Lack of eating food containing iodine.

- May be a genetic condition common among family

- As a result of hormonal imbalance (as in menopause).

- Can be in a very few cases result of  insufficiency in  thyroid secretion after pregnancy and childbirth.